Socrates Has Thoroughly Justified His Own Decision To Obey The Opinion

Socrates has thoroughly justified his own decision to obey the opinions of the majority and serve out the sentence that his own city has deemed appropriate for his crimes. At the beginning of this piece, Socrates has presented a period of questions and answers through dialogue with Crito. Throughout the dialogue Socrates is explaining his reasoning for not running from the government. Crito does not understand the madness of Socrates, Crito will do whatever it takes to help his friend to flee, instead of being exiled by the government. AI do not think that what you are doing is right, to give up your life when you can save it, and to hasten your fate as your enemies would hasten it, and indeed have hastened it in their wish to destroy [emailprotected](Crito p.58c) Throughout the begining of the dialog, Crito is expressing his feelings of why he believes Socrates should flee from the city. Crito makes many valid points on why he disagrees with Socrates decision to bare this misfort une. Crito offers to do on not fleeingbeing majorints expressing to Socrates, that a man as courageous as Socrates and who has lived his life through virtue . AYou seem to me to choose the easiest path, whereas one should choose the path a good and courageous man would choose, particularly when one claims throughout one=s life to care for [emailprotected](Crito p.59d) Through the dialogue the questions and answers within Socrates and Crito establish to major themes in which hold true throughout the work. The first being that a person must decide whether the society in which one lives has a just reasoning behind it=s own standards of right and wrong. The second being, that a person must have pride in the life that he or she leads. In establishing basic questions of these two concepts, Socrates has precluded his own circumstance and attempted to prove to his companion Crito, that the choice that he has made is just. AI am the kind of man who listens only to the argument that on reflec tion seems best to me. I cannot, now that this fate has come upon me, discard the arguments I used; they seen to me much the [emailprotected](Crito p.59b) The introduction of this work has also provided the concept that it is our society or majority that has dictated what is considered virtuous action. According to Socrates we have been given every opportunity to reject our society and renounce what it has stood for and against. ANot one of our laws raises any obstacle or forbids him, if he is not satisfied with us or the city, if one of you wants to go and live in a colony or wants to go anywhere else, and keep his [emailprotected] (Crito p.63d) Socrates states; that making a conscious choice or effort to remain under the influence of a society is an unconscious agreement with that society to live your life by it=s standards and virtues. Socrates states after establishing his own agreement with his city=s virtues that he believes in the validity of the decision imposed upon himsel f. He states that his decision is justified by the fact that the laws and governing agents of the society must command a certain degree of respect. Any person who would unjustly disobey these laws creates a deliberate attempt to destroy them, as well as, the society which has imposed them. For example; AHowever, that whoever of you remains when he sees how we conduct our trials and manage the city in other ways, has in fact come to an agreement with us to obey our [emailprotected] (Crito p.63e) If the decisions of the city=s governing agents are not thoroughly respected as just and cohesive parts of society, the very structure by which the society stands is subject to collapse. If a person is found to be in violation of what his or her society stands for and does not accept the consequences for his or her actions, then there can not be a system of law in place to create order. A You must either persuade it or obey its orders, and endure in silence whatever it instructs you to endur e, whether blows

The Incas Essay

The Incas Essay The Incas Essay The Incas The Incas were Native Americans from South America. The Incas were very creative in using their resources to make their daily lives easier. The Incas would use anything they could find to help them in their daily lives. The Incas ruled the largest and richest empire of all time. The empire covered all of modern-day Peru, as well as Ecuador, northwest Argentina, Columbia, northern Chile, and southern Bolivia. The empire was 2500 miles long from top to bottom and was bigger than modern day Peru. The emperor of the Inca Empire ruled their land through a very complex political system. The emperor would rule over the military forces and then the military forces would take leadership of smaller regions. After the Spanish conquest, the emperor had to rule all of the empire all by himself. The Incas secretly divided themselves into tribes, so the emperor would not have as much work to do. There were eventually thirty one tribes. The main belief of the Incas was the sun god. The sun god’s name was Inti. Inti was believed to be the son of Viracocha. The sun was perhaps the most important aspect the Inca’s life because it provided warmth and light. Inti was also known as the Giver of all Life. He was worshiped by all people who relied on the sun. Although he was the second most worshipped god after Viracocha, his father, he received the greatest number of offerings. The emperor, as ruler of the people, claimed divine and direct descent from the Sun; he was the living son of Inti. They believed the sun god made the whole world and everything in it. The sun was used on many flags including Argentina and Uruguay.The symbol of the sun god was the emperor, who the Incas believed to descend from the sun. Almost all of the Incas worked on a farm or for a farmer to provide food for their families. The reason most of the Incas worked on a farm was because there was really good soil in the Inca Empire, so they took advantage of the good soil. The only tools the Incas would use were a simple hoe and a knife. The farmers would grow most of the food for their families and neighbors. Most of the crops that were grown were quinoa, maize, peanuts, beans, and squash. The Incas would also raise animals for meat, milk, and cheese. The Inca’s cities were laid out very well organized as all of the buildings were in a grid formation. All cities had to have a city plaza for meetings. Plazas were

Do You Need a Teaching Degree to Be a Teacher

Do You Need a Teaching Degree to Be a Teacher SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you have a goal of becoming a K-12 teacher, there are a number of ways to become licensed. Depending on where and what you want to teach, you can pursue a degree from an approved teacher education program or a means of alternative certification. In this article, we’ll cover how and where you can get a teaching degree, as well as which type of certification is best for your situation. Do You Need a Teaching Degree to Become a Teacher? Bottom line: do you need a teaching degree to become a teacher? Well, it’s complicated. Speaking from personal experience, I’m a licensed teacher in the state of Tennessee with endorsements in three subject areas. However, I never got a teaching degree; I received an alternative license through Teach for America. What you need to become a teacher will be dependent on the state you want to teach in and what you want to teach. Some states will allow alternative certifications; some will not. Some will require specialized coursework if you want to teach certain subjects (e.g., upper grades math); some will not. You can find information on your state’s requirements by visiting your state’s department of education website. How to Get a Teaching License If you want to become a teacher at a public school in the United States, you need to obtain a teacher’s license. Each of the 50 states has its own process and requirements for obtaining a teacher’s license. Most states require that you complete some sort of teacher training program (e.g., obtaining a bachelor’s degree in education) and pass standardized tests that prove your mastery of the content you’re teaching. You might also need to have supervised teaching experience, such as working for a year as a student-teacher. Once you obtain your teacher’s license, you’ll likely need to keep your license in good standing by participating in continuing education programs or taking other tests. Types of Teaching Degrees There are a number of different types of teaching degrees. Depending on what you want to teach, you might choose to pursue one of these paths. Associate’s Teaching Degree An associate’s teaching degree is one that you get by completing your associate’s program. An associate’s program usually takes two years and you can complete it at a community college. If you receive an associate’s degree in education, you probably won’t be able to be a full, lead classroom teacher. The vast majority of states require at least a bachelor’s degree for you to be the head teacher. Associate’s degrees qualify you to work as an assistant teacher or to work in pre-K. You’ll take classes on basic principles of education and pedagogy. You might complete an internship in a school, but probably won’t do a full student-teaching semester, as associate’s degree programs are already quite short. Bachelor’s Teaching Degree A bachelor’s teaching degree requires you to complete a four or five year program at a traditional college or university. In a four-year program, you’ll take classes on basic principles of education and pedagogy. You’ll likely also choose to specialize in a specific teaching area, like elementary or high school education. If you decide to be an elementary school teacher, you’ll take more classes on foundational learning objectives. If you decide to be a middle or high school grades teacher, you’ll take classes on how to teach specific subject areas. Most bachelor’s programs require you to do at least one semester of student teaching, if not a full year. They’ll also prepare you to take teacher licensing exams, like the Praxis exams. In most states, obtaining a four-year bachelor’s teaching degree will qualify you to be an apprentice teacher leading your own classroom. Master’s Teaching Degree A master’s teaching degree gives you more specialized training in your field. Most master’s programs are one or two years long. Obtaining a master’s degree can open you to more options in your teaching career. Some teaching fields, like special education, require more training in certain states. Most school districts also offer higher salary levels for teachers with master’s degrees. As part of your master’s degree program, you’ll likely have to do field work. This field work will be different than regular student teaching. You might be conducting research for a capstone project or observing specific programs. Obtaining a master’s degree will qualify you to be a lead teacher in your subject area. Alternative Paths to Teaching If you don’t have a college degree in teaching, you might still be able to be a K-12 teacher. Here are some alternative paths to teaching. Working at a Non-Traditional School If you want to be a teacher but don’t have a teaching degree, you might be able to work at a non-traditional school. While public schools managed by state and local departments of education have strict licensing requirements, schools that manage themselves set their own requirements for hiring teachers. Charter schools and private schools, for instance, often allow candidates with certain skills or experiences to become teachers, even without teaching experience. For instance, if you worked as a biology researcher, you might be allowed to become a science teacher, even if you don’t have any teaching experience. Going Through an Alternative Certification Program Alternative certification programs like Teach for America provide candidates with a nontraditional path to become a teacher. These certification programs work with specific school districts to become a licensing body, just like a college or university. Alternative certification programs have their own requirements and you’ll have to apply to be accepted. Depending on where you are and what program you’re in, you’ll need to complete different types of training. Teach for America, for instance, requires its corps members to complete an intensive summer program. Alternative certification programs work with school districts to help you obtain your license by fulfilling their requirements. Obtaining Subject Matter Expertise Depending on your state and what you’d like to teach, you might be able to get a teaching license by demonstrating subject matter expertise. This path to your teacher’s license is typically for people who want to teach upper-level subjects, like AP biology or calculus. You can demonstrate subject matter expertise through a combination of work experience and education. You’ll need to research your district’s requirements to see if this path is an option for where you want to teach. Teaching Degrees: The Bottom Line The type of teaching degree you’ll need depends on where and what you want to teach. Each state has its own requirements. You can pursue a teaching degree through a traditional program, like a bachelor’s degree at a college or university, or through an alternative means of certification. What’s Next? Getting ready to take the GED?Read our complete guide on GEDs for everything you need to know about this important exam. If you're hoping to attend college but are unsure howto begin the search process, check out this step by step guide for doing college research. If you're looking to get a teaching degree, you may choose to attend community college for a year or two and then transfer to a four-year college. Read our complete guide to transferring colleges to learn more about this process.

Leader ship 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leader ship 4 - Essay Example Given the responsibility charged to our leaders, morality and ethics are two aspects that they should really observe. They act as an example, and it is from the leaders that the society will derive their actions and intentions. However, most leaders especially from the financial fields are usually obsessed with financial gains than any other achievement. It is always about profit making even if it means subjecting the workers to bad and unhealthy working conditions such as what happened in the Manchester during the Industrial revolution. However, leaders like these have always responded to this point by quoting purpose; that the purpose of business is to make a profit. What really drive leaders to put social responsibility and ethics second to profit is usually greed and selfness. They seek self-fulfillment that is always hard since wants are insatiable. Successful leaders like Shackleton ensured that profit is used for social security and promotion of ethics in the society (Mackay & Mackay n.p). Proper leaders would otherwise seek to do something more to the society, and if money comes, so be it. The team members should take the responsibility of making ethical moves when a leader behaves unethically. This does not entail whistle blowing, but they should approach the matter more subtly as they seek to make the leader understand. Otherwise, moral responsibility of the team members should not be compromised, as well as their right to make things right (Mackay & Mackay n.p). Adequate measures should be taken, in accordance to the law, if the leader fails to obey the subtle call made, by the team members, to review his or her habits. This could be seeking the intervention of a more senior authority or the law which is usually the utmost leader in our societies. As a leader, serving a team is usually a challenge. A team involves a group of people who have come together in order to

Ratings In Schools And Accountability Systems Research Paper

Ratings In Schools And Accountability Systems - Research Paper Example Administrators also feel pressure when accountability systems are adopted. They report that they must spend additional hours defending their schools' competitive standing with parents, teachers, and the media--hours that they once spent more productively. In response to these worries and pressures, educators also begin to adjust the focus of their efforts. Their curricula and teaching efforts become more standardized and superficial. Moreover, since they want their schools to look well on competitive tests, they tend to restrict instruction to the topics assessed by those tests. A sad example of how this process works was recently described by sociologists Jere Gilles, Simon Geletta, and Cortney Daniels. In 1993 the State of Missouri created an accountability program designed around a new assessment instrument, the Missouri Mastery Achievement Test. This test was tied to a new curriculum that had been developed by the state's department of education, and all schools were required to administer it so that it could be used as a "report card"--letting the public know how well their own schools were doing compared with others in the state. As Gilles and his colleagues describe the outcome, results of this. Quality programs and textbooks were scrapped in order to replace them with materials that directly taught the test, and an unholy competition emerged between districts and communities over test scores. In some districts a week or more of instructional time each year was devoted to this test.... scrapped in order to replace them with materials that directly taught the test, and an unholy competition emerged between districts and communities over test scores. In some districts a week or more of instructional time each year was devoted to [preparing for] this test (Gabbard 67). Moreover, this was not an isolated incident. As testing specialist George Madaus has suggested, when you have high-stakes tests, the tests eventually become the curriculum. It happened with the Regents exams in New York. Items that are not emphasized in the testare not emphasized in school. That's a fundamental lesson that cuts across countries and across time. Teaching has not changed that much; it's an art form. Given basically the same set of circumstances, teachers will behave in much the same way. . . . But if you go to Europe, to the British Isles, or to Australia and look at comparable literature, [worries about] the external achievement exams . . . appear often. And they write about cramming, about how they prepared for the exams. They write about how, after taking the exams, they purged their minds of the answers that they had learned (Gabbard 59). Somehow, we doubt that most Americans are interested in promoting school learning that is narrow, test-specific, standardized superficial, and easily forgotten--but that is exactly what accountability programs promote. It also takes a great deal of time and money to conduct accountability programs. According to a leading scholar, Arthur Wirth, citing the National Commission on Testing and Public Policy, mandatory testing in America now "consumes annually some 20 million school days and the equivalent of $700 and $900 million in direct and indirect expenditures." What this means, of course, is that schools regularly shortchange

Louisa May Alcott and Her Work Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Louisa May Alcott and Her Work      Ã‚   Louisa May Alcott was a great writer of her time and is the perfect example of how mixed messages during the American Renaissance affected the lives of young women everywhere. In the book Little Women Louisa gives Marmee the appearance and attitudes of her own mother, Abba Alcott. Her mother once wrote women should assert their, "right to think, feel, and live individually ·be something in yourself." In contrast, Louisaà ¢s father, Bronson Alcott, felt that Louisa was more of a challenge because she was willful like her mother and should be taught to control her impulses. The American Renaissance had a profound effect on Bronson Alcottà ¢s educational theories and this in turn affected the life and writingà ¢s of his daughter Louisa May Alcott.    Louisa May Alcott was born in 1832 to Bronson and Abba Alcott. Abba Alcott was the daughter of Colonel Joseph May who was a supporter of womenà ¢s rights and abolition. Louisa was somewhat spirited, and she came by it naturally, so her father blamed her mother for this. Her father was a transcendentalist, and he believed that his lighter coloring betokened a deeper spirituality and closer connection to divinity (Saxton 205). Bronson felt Louisa could not control herself because she was born with dark hair like her mother. He referred to her as the "possessed one" "pathetic" and "bound in chains ·which she could not break"(Sanderson 43). This somewhat clashed with his other belief that children were considered blank slates, or tablulae rasae. This theory simply states that the mind is in its hypothetical primary blank or empty state befo... ...ffered her much time to think about schooling and childrearing. So her book Little Women is almost an autobiographical account of her own life as well as a critical study of characters and events during the American Renaissance period.                      Works Cited:    Alcott,Louisa May. Little Women. New York: Signet, 1983.    Elbert,Sarah, A Hunger for Home: Louisa May Alcott and Little Women (Philadelphia: Temple,1984), 86.    Russett, Cynthia Eagle. Sexual Science: The Victorian Construction of Womanhood. Cambridge: Harvard U P, 1989.    Sanderson, Rena. "A Modern Mephistopheles: Louisa May Alcottà ¢s Exorcism of Patriarchy." American Transcendental Quarterly 5 (1991): 41-55.    Saxton, Martha. Louisa May Alcott:A Modern Biography. New York: Noonday Press, 1995.

Critical and Creative Thinking Questions

I think the four major sources of stress in my life would be money being number one. This is because I am an international student who moved from Hong Kong to America. Having doing this I had to learn how to manage my own money for example rent, bills , and also enough for entertainment. When I was living in Hong Kong with my family I didn’t have to worry about all these factors so it came easy to me. Family would be another source of stress in my life but only because of me being away by myself in another country. This is probably because this is the first time I have been away from home and having to look after myself and the ‘money’ issue my parents especially tend to get too worried, which in some cases cause a lot of fights. Im not saying this is something bad but defiantly something that can trigger me at some points. My social skills is a definite source of stress in my life, This being because I am not very good at interacting, socializing and communicating with other human beings. Some of my interactions and relationships can be very stressful and tension filled, and i almost come off as being a very unsociable person. If you where experiencing a period of high stress, what would you do to avoid illness? If I where to experience a period of high stress I would probably exercise a lot which usually helps me with depression and tension and also relaxes me. But also exercising improves cardiovascular efficiency and increases strength that could help avoid illness due to stress. I believe that when your exercising and you sweat a lot, it almost feels like your getting rid of all the problems in your life. Why are smoking-prevention efforts often aimed at adolescents? Smoking prevention efforts are usually aimed at adolescents because thats when a lot of smokers start smoking a form of tobacco, such as cigarettes, cigars and chewing tobacco. A lot of youngsters and often influenced by peer pressure and imitation of role models, even family members. They think if your family member is smoking, its ok for them to try or to pursue it. Smoking prevention programs focus on more immediate problems with smoking. films and discussions in these programs educate teens about peer pressure and the medias influence in smoking, as well as helping them overcome this phase. What are the benefits of involving a person’s family in behavior modification programs to treat chronic pain. When a person is suffering from chronic pain family members usually ask about it, which tends not to help the patient. This is because talking about pain or what or how they feel often focuses on it more and they start to think about it and all there thoughts draws attention on it and increase’s its intensity. To prevent this, psychologists have treatments in there modification programs for both the patient and family members. I feel if having a family member by your side while you are going through this and they attending the programs help the patient. This is because the patient feels comfortable that some one close to them a (family member) is participating in these pain management plans which could help ease of the stress and pain. Which forms of coping do you most often draw on? When I am stressed I believe the best way for me to cope is by listening and finding new music. Not only does music relax me but sometimes it could be deeper than that. Lyrics of a song can sometimes or somehow relate to what your going through and can often help and solve the problems. Which of the resources for stress management seem most important to you? I believe that social support is the most important resource to me because when i’m stressed I tend to feel much better when I have people around me to discuss what I am going through, but also just because someone is there to listen. Close friends and family often make us feel comfortable and important and provide positive attitude to changes in our life. Critical and Creative Thinking Questions 1) Sensation and perception are closely linked. What is the central distinction between the two? Sensations can be defined as the passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and to the brain. The process is passive in the sense that we do not have to be consciously engaging in a â€Å"sensing† process. Perception can be defined as the active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses. 2) If we sensed and attended equally to each stimulus in the world, the amount of information would be overwhelming. What sensory and perceptual processes help us lessen the din? Perceptions vary from person to person. Different people perceive different things about the same situation. But more than that, we assign different meanings to what we perceive. And the meanings might change for a certain person. One might change one's perspective or simply make things mean something else. You would also use vision to observe different people who were having a conversation as well as listening to observe all the conversation taking place. 3)  What senses would likely be impaired if a person were somehow missing all of the apparatus of the ear (including the outer, middle, and inner ear)? If someone was to lose total hearing that would be devastating. If you were to totally lose your hearing you would be losing one of the most important senses you have and this can affect you in other areas including your equal equilibrium not being able to walk straight can cause major ramifications in your life like blurred vision, headaches as well as the loss as speech